The Many Uses of PBT Plastics

PBT, or polybutylene terephthalate, is a synthetic, semi-crystalline engineered thermoplastic with similar properties and composition to polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Its part of the polyester group of resins and shares characteristics with other thermoplastic polyesters. Its a high-performance material with high molecular weight and is often characterized as being a strong, stiff, and engineerable plastic. Color variations of PBT range from white to bright colors. Uses PBT is present in everyday life and common in electrical, electronic, and automotive components. PBT resin and PBT compound are the two types of products used in various applications. PBT compound comprises various materials that can include PBT resin, fiberglass filing, and additives, while PBT resin includes only the base resin. The material is often used in mineral or glass-filled grades. For use outdoors and where fire is a concern, additives are included to improve its UV and flammability properties. With these modifications, its possible for a PBT product to be used in numerous industrial applications. PBT resin is used to make PBT fiber as well as electronic parts, electrical parts, and auto parts. TV set accessories, motor covers, and motor brushes are examples of the uses of PBT compound. When reinforced, it can be used in switches, sockets, bobbins, and handles. The unfilled version of PBT is present in some brake cable liners and rods. When a material with high strength, good dimensional stability, resistance to various chemicals, and good insulation is needed, PBT is a preferred choice. The same is true when bearing and wear properties are determining factors. For these reasons, valves, food processing machinery components, wheels, and gears are made from PBT. Its application in food processing components is largely due to its low moisture absorption and its resistance to staining. It also doesnt absorb flavors. Advantages The major advantages of PBT are evident in its resistance to solvents and low shrinkage rate when forming. It also has good electrical resistance and because of its fast crystallization is easy to mold. It has excellent heat resistance up to 150 degrees Celcius and a melting point reaching 225 degrees Celcius. The addition of fibers enhances its mechanical and thermal properties, allowing it to withstand higher temperatures. Other notable advantages include: Excellent stain resistanceExcellent machining characteristicsHigh strengthToughnessExcellent stiffness-to-weight ratioResistance to environmental changesExcellent machining characteristicsBetter impact resistance than PETExcellent dimensional stabilityBlocks UV radiationHigh electrical insulation propertiesGood variety of grades available Disadvantages PBT has disadvantages that limit its application in some industries, including: Lower strength and rigidity than PETLower glass transition temperature than PETProne to warp when glass is used as a fillerDoesnt present satisfactory resistance to acids, bases, and hydrocarbons Future of PBT Demand for PBT has regained footing after the economic crisis in 2009 caused various industries to lower production of certain materials. With growing populations and innovations in the automotive, electrical, and electronics industries, the use of PBT will steadily increase. This is apparent in the automotive industry, given its increasing need for lighter, more resistant, low-maintenance, and cost-competitive materials. The use of engineer-grade plastics such as PBT will increase due to issues surrounding corrosion of metals and high costs to minimize that problem. Many designers looking for alternatives to metals are turning to plastic as the solution. A new grade of PBT that offers better results in laser welding has been developed, providing a new solution to welded parts. Asia-Pacific is the leader in the use of PBT, which hasnt changed even after the economic crisis.  In some Asian countries, PBT is mostly used in the electronic and electrical markets, while in North America, Japan, and Europe, PBT is mostly used in the automotive industry. Its believed that by 2020, consumption and production of PBT in Asia will considerably increase compared to Europe and the U.S. This prediction is reinforced by numerous foreign investments in the region and a need for materials at a lower production cost, which is not feasible in many Western countries.

Stranger in the Village Essays - 1316 Words

Decreasing Racism African American racial tension has decreased drastically, since the fifties our country has leaps and bounds towards equality. James Baldwin wrote Stranger in the Village, and he wrote about his experience living in a small Swiss village and how he was able to evaluate the American society and its issues of race. Baldwin specifically focused on African American racial issues. Baldwin makes arguments about how race is treated much different in Europe, he also argued how there are still a lot of problems with American society that need to be changed. I agree with Baldwins thoughts however this essay is outdated and isnt completely relevant to our society today; however some of the broader ideas are. One of Baldwins†¦show more content†¦Racism was such a big deal that it lead to a lot of pandemonium and therefore no matter how much time passes racism will always be an issue. Opposite of that as explained in the passage as well. Europe just chose to ignore African American so t here was no issue; this makes sense due to the curiosity of the villagers. So when it comes to the differences in approaching racism and explaining how the two societies moved forward; Baldwin was accurate. There are some things to what Baldwin said that arent very accurate. By this I mean that some of the thought he expressed arent relevant to our society today. This essay was written in the fiftys, a lot of chaos and anarchy was prevalent. This being said, it makes sense that Baldwin wrote: American white men still nourish the illusion that there is some means of recovering the European innocence, of returning to the state in which black men do not existÂ…people who shut their eyes to reality simply invite their own destruction. (pg 101). The point Im trying to make is that Baldwin was in a more violent mind state toward American life at this time. The Civil Right Movement slowly started in 1955 then gained speed with Rosa parks and what really sparked the movement came from on e speech. Martin Luther King gave his I Have a Dream speech inShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Stranger In The Village1015 Words   |  5 Pagesdance, painting, calligraphy, and music. James Baldwin, a famous African- American author of â€Å"Stranger in the village.† He discussed the rank and relationship between the Blacks and Whites in the society. Also, Baldwin went to the village in Leukerbad, and lived with the White Europeans. This essay is about the the experience and history of him. Teju Cole was the one who had read the â€Å"Stranger in the village† and he wrote what he felt about James Baldwin’s essay. Their opinions were opposite, but IRead MoreStranger in the Village by James Baldwin1658 Words   |  7 Pagesused writing as a means of contributing. 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One of the emotions I believe BaldwinRead More James Baldwins Stranger in the Village Essays896 Words   |  4 PagesJames Baldwins Stranger in the Village In paragraph three of James Baldwins Stranger in the Village (1955), he alludes to emotions that are significant, dealing with conflicts that arise in the Swiss village. Of these emotions are two, astonishment and outrage, which represent the relevant feelings of Baldwin, an American black man. These two emotions, for Baldwins ancestors, create arguments about the Negro and their rights to be considered human beings (Baldwin 131). Baldwin,Read MoreAnalysis Of The Book Stranger s The Village Of The Sick By Paul Stoller2167 Words   |  9 PagesAshley Scott ANTH 221-01 FA 2014 Ethnographic Assignment In his autobiographical novel â€Å"Stranger in the Village of the Sick† American anthropologist Paul Stoller recounts how spending 17 years as an apprentice sorcerer in West Africa prepared him for dealing with Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma later on in life. While conducting field work in Niger, Stoller, who was raised with a formal Jewish education, underwent a spiritual and religious rebirth, and later drew deeper meaning from this experience as heRead MoreStranger in America1247 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican one should believe in bringing together the cultures in America. â€Å"We must think of American culture and nationhood as a constantly reforming, transmogrifying â€Å"we† (Mukherjee 438). For the author James Baldwin, who wrote the essay â€Å"Stranger in the Village†, an American is a person who is integrated with other cultures, and will never be a strictly â€Å"white† culture. â€Å"This world is white no longer, and it will never be white again.† (Baldwin 449) There are vast differences in the cultures of theRead More Tension in Witchs Money Essay793 Words   |  4 PagesTension in Witchs Money  Ã‚   In John Colliers Witchs Money, the stranger who suddenly appears in a remote mountain village in Spain is initially seen by Foiral as an unwelcome madman. Certainly his surrealist description of the landscape must seem a symptom of insanity to one unfamiliar with the trends of modern art. Once he offers a nice sum of money to buy Foirals house, however, the stranger is treated with a new attitude. He is still not completely accepted by the community that heRead More`` Strangers `` By Toni Morrison And James Baldwin1400 Words   |  6 Pagessame opinions. Everyone carries a different opinion of a stranger in his/her mind depending upon there past encounters with strangers. This is evident in the works of Toni Morrison and James Baldwin. We encounter too many people everyday and it’s impossible to get to know them all. We observe and gauge them based on appearances, just like we do with â€Å" Books based on their cover † says Edwin Rolfe in â€Å"Murder in the Glass room†. In â€Å"Strangers† by Morrison, she meets a fisherwoman at her neighbor’sRead MoreSummary Of The Of The Village Of Today s World 1084 Words   |  5 PagesNicholas Price Mr. Crotser English 1301 9, June 2016 â€Å"Stranger in the Village of Today’s World† In â€Å"Black Body: Rereading James Baldwin’s â€Å"Stranger in the Village† by Teju Cole he makes the â€Å"Stranger in the Village† by James Baldwin a lot more comprehensive which helps to see the persuasion that Cole is trying to perform. He is persuading us to believe that our world is both similar and different to the world described by Baldwin. Though he proves his assertion with facts and that’s is what IRead MoreDevil And Miss Prym Character Analysis832 Words   |  4 Pagesconflict that happened in The Devil and Miss Prym and District 9. The Devil and Miss Prym demonstrates person versus fate. As the stranger, Carlos, comes to visit the small village of Viscos, the main character Chantal, unexpectedly crosses paths with him, and that is where it all begins. Later in the book, Carlos and Chantal get into a disagreement about what the stranger has truly come to Viscos to prove, or in that matter, not prove. â€Å"Do something,† said Chant al’s devil to his colleague. â€Å"Even though

KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEIVED RISK OF MAJOR DISEASES Essay Example For Students

KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEIVED RISK OF MAJOR DISEASES Essay KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEIVED RISK OF MAJOR DISEASESGeneral Psychology, Course 02587-588AbstractThe American Psychological Association Journal Article this paper is based on focuses on the knowledge of health related risks and behaviors of middle age and older age women, and specifically womens â€Å"knowledge of perceived risk of major disease† (Wilcox ; Stefanick, 1999). A link between lifestyle and chronic disease in old age has been established. In addition, the belief that age was a risk factor for breast and colon cancer actually decreased with increasing age among women. The populations general knowledge of CHD risk factors has gone up in recent time. Women, African-American women specifically are still more likely to die from CHD as opposed to men. The study used a survey which they had women age 40 and older fill out. Information requested about the women who filled out the survey was their age, marital status, education level and ethnic origins. Other variables reported in the study that were measured were the risk factors women described in the survey that were relevant to CHD, breast cancer, colon cancer and other various health problems. The survey also contained questions regarding what the women thought were the leading causes of death of women in certain age groups and gender groups. The women in the study were also questioned regarding their perceived general risk of a women developing a major disease. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into what women know about serious diseases i.e., CHD, lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer and genital organ cancer and the risk factors associated with developing these diseases. Also the researchers were attempting to determine how women see their own chances of developing a serious disease and what they know about deaths due to the above-mentioned diseases in the survey and applying their knowledge across groups of men and women and various age groups. It is well known that the fastest growing section of the population in the United States is the senior citizens. When Baby Boomers, those born between 1946 and 1964, reach retirement age (some organizations allow employees 55 years old to take full retirement) which could begin next year for some and will continue to increase the older age or senior population of the United States (U.S. Bureau of the Census USBS, 1996a). The American Psychological Association Journal Article this paper is based on focuses on the knowledge of health related risks and behaviors of middle age and older age women, and specifically womens â€Å"knowledge of perceived risk of major disease† (Wilcox ; Stefanick, 1999). As people get older, they are more susceptible to diseases and other disabling conditions. Their very survival becomes difficult because as they age they are more likely to develop diseases such as coronary heart disease (CHD), cancer of the lung, colon, breast and genital organs. Women often live longer than men do and their mortality rates are less than the rates for men. Because women are living longer they are more likely to experience chronic illness during their later years of life. Although this is true for many women, it does not have to be. A link between lifestyle and chronic disease in old age has been established. Lifestyle factors or habits such as lack of exercise, smoking and bad or unhealthy eating habits have been closely linked to CHD (McGinnis ; Foege, 1993). Instead of managing a chronic disease such as CHD or diabetes we should have more focus on preventing the diseases that impact the health and quality of life for our aging population altogether and specificall y women. The prevention efforts could help increase the knowledge of individuals and this knowledge must be known or people will not change their unhealthy habits (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1999). An alarming report mentioned in the article this paper is based on â€Å"The 1992 National Health Intervention Survey Cancer Control Supplement† determined that most Americans did not know about the â€Å"major risk factors for common cancers and lacked knowledge regarding survival rates following early detection† (Breslow et. al., 1997). For example, close to two thirds of Americans did not know that age increased one’s risk for breast and colon cancer, and more than one half believed that the chance of survival following the early detection of colon cancer was fair or poor. Furthermore, the belief that age was a risk factor for breast and colon cancer actually decreased with increasing age among women. Heart disease is the number one cause of deaths for both men and women alike (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1999). The populations general knowledge of CHD risk factors has gone up in recent time. In this day and age more people are aware of CHD risk factors than ever before, but there are some sections of the population that are still not as informed as they should be. These sections of the population are those individuals who tend to be â€Å"less educated† and are â€Å"ethnically diverse. (Davis, Winkleby, and Farquhar, 1995; Smith, Croft, Heath, and Cokkindes, 1996). There has, in recent years been a reduction in deaths attributable to cardiovascular disease in the United States. Women, African-American women specifically are still more likely to die from CHD as opposed to men. (American Heart Association, 1997.)Studies have been conducted on the knowledge and perceived risk factors but they have focused mostly on one specific disease and not on information relevant to women specifically. There are not a lot of studies that have been done to determine the knowledge and perceived risks women may have about their chances of developing, controlling or preventing a serious disease. It is important that more be done to look at women’s personal knowledge of diseases and the differences among various age groups awareness of information regarding risk factors associated with serious diseases and how these women see themselves and their possible vulnerability to developing serious diseases. If more studies were done on these aspects and the focus of the study was to compare these variables, it could lead to more reliable and useful results. If a theory is tested and retested and similar results are documented then it is more reliable information to use to help women become better educated and more active in preventing serious and potentially life threatening diseases. Also these studies could be effective in establishing a relationship b etween these aspects, and early detection testing which would result in changing of health behaviors so that these diseases can be prevented more often. Free Grapes of Wraths: Character Grapes Wrat EssayNext the participants answers to the survey questions were analyzed. The analysis for participants awareness of deaths due to specific diseases was done by examining the answers to the questions to determine if the percentage of correct answers and these were compared to the target groups the questions pertained to in order to determine if there were any variations based on target groups. Also the perceptions of the participants were analyzed on the subject of general risk, personal risk, control and preventability concerning the diseases mentioned in the survey. To do this the researchers used analytical methodologies to evaluate the independent variables and dependent variables in the survey. Due to some participants answers to questions regarding risk factors in the survey some participants were not included in the analysis. Some of the women had already developed some of the diseases the survey was based on so they could not be used in the analysis. The results of the study can not be used for the general population of middle age or older women because the sample of 200 women from the San Francisco Bay area did not contain a well rounded group. The sample used did not include participants in varied groups representative of educational levels, different economic backgrounds or ethnic diversity. In regards to participants knowledge of the causes death for the different target groups, the percentages of accuracy varied from one target group to the another. The participants were more likely to know the causes of death for older men than for older women, and were more likely to know the causes of death for younger groups included in the survey than for women in general. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into what women know about serious diseases i.e., CHD, lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer and genital organ cancer and the risk factors associated with developing these diseases. Also the researchers were attempting to determine how women see their own chances of developing a serious disease and what they know about deaths due to the above-mentioned diseases in the survey and applying their knowledge across groups of men and women and various age groups. The study was also focused on bringing to light the knowledge levels of the women surveyed and at the same time the results can be used to determine areas where the health care field may be able to focus on, to improve health behaviors. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into what women know about serious disease and what they know about causes of death and risk factors as they relate to the diseases looked at in the survey and applying their knowledge across groups of men and women of various age groups. I have to say that article did not offer a lot in the way of usable information on the general population of women because the sample size was small, mostly White, highly educated women. Low income, other education levels and ethnic groups were not adequately represented. But I guess it is a start in the direction of learning what women know and how to help them learn better health behaviors. American Heart Association. (1997). 1997 Heart and Stroke Statistical Update. Dallas, TX; American Heart Association. Breslow, R. A., Sorkin, J. D., Frey, C. M., Kessler, L. G. (1997). Americans’ knowledge of cancer risk and survival. Preventive Medicine, 26, 170-177. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1999). National Center for Chronic Disease and Prevention and Health Promotion. Online, *http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/cardiov.htm* 2000, October 12. Davis, S. K., Winkleby, M. A., Farquhar, J. W.(1995). Increasing disparity in knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors and risk-reduction strategies by socioeconomic status; Implications for policymakers. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 11, 318-323. McCaul, K. D., Branstetter, A. D., Schroeder, D. M., Glasgow, R. E. (1996). What is the relationship between breast cancer risk and mammography screening? A meta-analytic review. Health Psychology 15, 423-429. McGinnis, M., Foege, W. H. (1993). Actual causes of death in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association, 270, 2207-2212. U.S. Bureau of the Census. (1996a). 65 plus; in the United States. Washington, DC; U.S. Government printing Office. U.S. Bureau of Census. (1996b). Statistical abstract of the United States. Washington, DC; U.S. Government Printing Office. Wilcox, S. and Stefanick, M. (1999, July). Health Psychology: Knowledge and Perceived Risk of Major Diseases in Middle-Aged and Older Women. American Psychology Association Journals Online, 18:4, 8 pages.http://www.apa.org/journals/hea/heal84346.html 2000, October 12. Bibliography: